Improvement in apparatus for spinning hemp, flax



diluted staten aient (biliare,

ERNEST BAZIN, F PARIS, FRANCE.

Letters Patent No.108,233, dated October 11, 1870.

IMPROVEMENT IN APPARATUS FOR SPSINNI/'SICG HEMP, FLAX," AND OTHER FIBROUSSUB"A A ES.

The Schedule referred to in these Letters Patent and malhxing part of the same.

To all whom it may concern y Be it known that I, EnNns'r Bazin, of laris, France, have invented certain improvements in spinning apparatus, ot' which the fiillowing is the specification.

Nature and Object of (hc Invention,

My iuventioneonsists of certain improvements iu apparatus for spinning hemp, ila-x, audother fibrous substances, which improvements are too fully dt scribed hereafter to n ced preliminary explanation.

Description of the Accompanying Dra-wine.

Figure 1, sheet l, is an elevation of' the improved spimiing-maehinc Figure 2, au elevation of the reels and frame;

Figure 3, au end view of iig. 2, partly in section;

Figures 4, 5, 6, and 7, sheet 2, detached views of part of the machine, drawn to an enlarged scale Figures 8 and 9, sectional views of the vessel iu which 'the sliver is deposited; and

Figures l0 and ll, sheet l, views of the tension and drawing devices, slightly' modilicd` General Description.

A and A are two sets of fliers, arranged at the opposite sides oi' alight frame, B, ofcast-ircn, which rests upon the general base C. lint 'two of these fliers are represented in iig. 1, but it is proposed to arrange six, twelve, or a greater number, in line with each other, at one side of the machine, and in such a manner that they can be worked iiulepemlently of a similar setat the opposite. side ol" the machine.

These lliers are pivoted at thebottom upon the base (j, and they terminato at the top in a hollow spindle, c', which passes through and turns in the frame B.

Each l'lier carries a vessel or cylinder, ll, which contains the material to be spun, and abovethis cylinder are arranged the pinching deviced, the rounding or eylimlcring rollers c, and .the twister y, all of which will be more particularly referred to hereafter.

llaeh vessel is attached to its flier vhy means of setscrews r, which enable it to be accurately centered.

yThe material to be spilli prepared in the form of a ribbon or sliver, and is placed in cach vessel or cylinder in the peculiar manner best observed in figs. 8 and vt); that is, in the form ot' a spiral coil, composed oi' small annular folds, arranged above, but eccentrically, as regards cach other, the result being that, Y

from the top to the bottom ol' the cylinder, there is left a very suizdl central space, the coil itself being in eontactwith the inner surface ofthe cylinder. When the cylinder is filled the coil is crowded into the interior by the cover i.

This lnethodot' ceiling, which can. he readily used forhemp and flax, I have found iu practice to possess the following advantages s .,"i greater quantity of material can be introduced into a vessel of given size than by any other method of ceiling. It prevents the displacement ofthe material by centrifugal force during the rapid rotation of the vessel with the flier, and removes all risk of the intanglement and consequent'breaking of the sliver during the drawing of the latter from the vessel.

The sliver passes through the lidi of the vessel, (see iig. 1,) and through au opening in a horizontal crosspiece, j, which is bolted to the opposite sides of the flier. .It is thence conducted between the curved pinching-plates LZ, figs. 4 and 5, which are bling to elastic spring rods d', and which press upon and serve to partially eondense'the sliver.

.lhe rollers c c, hung to adjustable arms c' of the cross-piece j, next receive the sliver between them, and compress and round the same, to prepare it for being twisted. .lheserollers also oppose the requisite resistance to the drawing of the sliver, in order that Vthe fibers may be perfectly parallel, while the twisting is being performed by the roller g.

The latter is so hung t0`a cross-piece, g', above the rollers e c, that the thread is thrown out of the ceu ter, in order to pass into the groove of the said roller,

and it is this eecentricity which twists lthe thread. Of l course, with this arrangement, the degree of twist given to the thread `will depend upon the speed of the flier in relation to that of th'c drawing device, which can be easily and simply regulated.

The twisted yarn,'aftcr leaving the roller y, passes through the hollow spindle c of' the flier, and is thencev submitted to the drawing devices.

In l1 the yarn passes over a plane pulley, h, and the drawing is accomplished by means of the reels, illustrated in fig. 2; but, where the drawing is to be edcctcd by the spinning-machine,,I prefer to use the arrangement shown in figs. 10 and 11.

In this case the pulley takes` the form of adi-um or cylinder, having upon its surface spiral grooves or creases, traversed by the thread or yarn before it is conducted to the reels.

This prevents the thread from slipping, and enables the drawing to be accomplished by the roller, and the speed of the latter and consequent degree of twist `of the thread is regulated as follows:

Upon the axis of the drum It is a cog-wheel, k, driven by a pinion, 7, the spindle of the latter turning in a lever, in, which is hung to the frame B. On the same' spindle is a pulley, n, which derives its motion from the prime motor..

To change the speed of the drinn h the lever m is lowered, and the pinion Zreplaced by another of larger -01 smaller diameter, after which the lever is raised, so

as to bring the pinion into gear with the wheel k, and

- the lever, which has a curved slot, is retained in its propel' position atte adjustment, lby means of a screw, an.

This, however, may be considered a modification of my invention, which may be carried into effect with out these devices, tlie plan shown in figs. 2 and 3 il to an even and regular diameter.

instrating my usual mode of drawing twisted yarnv from the spinning mechanism.

rlhe required rotary motion is coinmuuicattul to the fliers in the following manner:

'Upon the axis of the driving-pulley o, iig. 1, is another larger pulley, o', from which a bell, q, after pass* ing between guide-rollers r, is conducted -to a horizontal pulley. s, which is lullig to the hollo\ spindle c of cach ot' the iers. In this way the tliers are rapidly rotated while the sliver is drawn from the vessels p ot thesame, and twisted and conducted to the reels.

Before being wound upon the reels, hopevci', the thread undergoes the action of a polisher t, whcl -consists of a coil of wire attached `to the vframe B by a cord, t', and, having anzaperture extending through'it of suiiicicnt diameter to receive the thread, the resistance and friction imparted to it in passing through this coil polishes and stretches'it out, and reducesk it Then the yarn is to be used ior rope-making it may also, while being conducted to the reels, be submitted Yto a tari-ing or pitching operation, by being passed over governing cylinders in a vessel of heated l pitch or tar, arranged between the spinning-nmchine and the reels.

tcels of-,ordinary construction, arranged upona strong frame-work of wood, may be employed in connection with the above machine; but-I prefer the tr- 'rangement illustrated in iigs. 2 and 3, which consists of an iron .fi-aine, I), supporting in tiers or ranges the reels 11. This forni of frame enables a large 'number of 4reels 'to be employed in a limited space.

'lhe reels may be driven by power transmitted,from the'driving-pulley o of the spiuningmachine, through the medium of the bands and pulleys u n', rand i", as

shown in figs. 1 and 2.

In order that the yarnmay be wound regularly upon the reels, it should becondneted onto eachl of the same by'a'reciprocat-ing guide or arm, similar to those in common use.v f v As the thread is wound and accumulated upon tl1`e reels it is necessary thatlthe speed of the latter should be diminished, and, to obtain this differential motion, I employ cones :l: and 2:1, o. 3, for transmitting motion tothe reels. l

The cones :c are secured to the shaft w, -to which the driving-pulley ,a is hung, and are connected, by driving-bauds,'to the cones xl ot' the reels.

The latter cones fit over small cones r6', which -are covered with leather, felt, or cloth, to promote adhesion, and the friction may beincreased, as desired, on compressing the spring y, by proper adjustment of the To stop the `reels the screws are turned in a contrary direct-ion, so as to diminish the pressure of the springs, and thus relieve the friction, and permit the Conesal to turn loosely upon and independently of the inner cones x2.

.The shifting ot' the bands which connect the cones a: and x, so as to gradually diminish the speed of the reels as the thread is wound upon them,'niay be accomplished either automatically or by hand.

Claims.

l. The rotating Hier A', carrying a case, I), round? ing-rollers c e, and eccentric twisting-roller g, in combination with drawing-rollers, substautiallyas de-- scribed.

v2. The conibinat-iomwith the rotating cylinder and twisting-roller g,ofroundin grollers c e,-l carried by elastic arms, and adapted to each other, as specified;

3. Lhe combination of the rounding-rollers eee,

clasping the sliver, and a twisting-roller arranged above, but out of a line with the rounding-rollers, the whole being carried by the rotating iierA, as described. Y

this specific-ation in the presence ot' two subscribing witnesses.

Witnesses F. OLCOTT,

G. RICHARDS.

E. BAZIN. 

